There were 288 houses on his street and he lived at 204.
Here's how it works. The sum of the first n consecutive positive integers is n(n+1)/2. Suppose that you were able to split the house numbers in such a way that the first (k-1) numbers and the last (n-k) numbers add up to the same sum. This implies that twice the sum of the first (k-1) numbers plus k is equal to the sum of the first n numbers, that is,
k(k-1)+k = n(n+1)/2. But the left hand side is equal to k squared. So for this to work, n(n+1)/2 has to be a perfect square, which will happen when both n/2 and n+1 are perfect squares. (Caveat: number theory is not my forte, and I haven't yet verified that this is the only way it can work. What you see here is not an acceptable mathematical proof.) In your example, you had n=8; both n/2 = 4 and n+1 = 9 are perfect squares. The next largest n where this works is n=288: n/2=144=12^2 and n+1=289=17^2. And 288*289/2=41616=204^2. Of course, 204=12*17.